You can upload your documents to the client portal or send your documents by fax to 1‑877‑750‑2009 or mail to: Legal Aid Ontario 20 Dundas Street West, Suite 730 Toronto, ON, M5G 2H1 Include your client number on each page.
You must apply directly to the legal aid plan in the province or territory where the charges are being heard. If your charges are in Ontario, contact us at 416-979-1446 or toll-free at 1-800-668-8258. See below for further information about how LAO will assist in your legal matter, depending on your status as an Ontario resident. Legal Matter Action LAO Will Take…
If you need legal help on the day you are in criminal or family court, you can talk to our lawyers (they are called duty counsel) at the courthouse. If you have been arrested or are detained by police, tell the police officer you want to speak to a lawyer. The police officer will call…
If you need urgent legal advice about a family issue or an immigration/refugee issue, call us right away or ask someone at a shelter or legal clinic about our two hours of free legal advice. You may also qualify to have a lawyer represent you in court.
You can represent yourself or hire your own lawyer. Even if you decide to represent yourself, it’s good to consult a lawyer for some guidance and advice. LAO’s lawyer search tool or the Law Society Referral Service can help you find a qualified family lawyer. These online resources can also help you navigate the family law system: Ontario Court of Justice guide: Representing yourself at…
You can ask us to reconsider a final decision if you have new information or a there has been a significant change in your circumstances. You have six months from the date of the refusal notice to send us your request for reconsideration.
If you qualify and have a legal issue we cover, we will pay for a lawyer to help you. If you need an interpreter, tell us immediately and we will get you one for free. Call 1.800.668.8258, Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
You can talk to our lawyers (they are called duty counsel) at the courthouse when you go to court tomorrow.
You can request a review if your legal aid application was refused. You have 22 business days from the date on your notice of refusal or cancellation. If you are in jail or hospitalized, you have 52 business days to request a review. Learn more about the appeal eligibility review process.
If you financially qualify, and have a legal issue we cover, we will provide you with the service that is appropriate to your case. Call us to see if you qualify.
We might be able to help if you financially qualify and if: you are subjected to domestic abuse you want to separate from your husband, wife or partner you need to decide custody, support or access Children’s Aid has your children or contacted you
It can take up to five business days after we receive your information. If your case is complicated, it might take longer.
You can: apply online—currently only available for people who do not own any property and either: receive Ontario Works or Ontario Disability Support Program payments have no income are new to Canada are living in a shelter are incarcerated call us at 1‑800‑668‑8258 Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (The best time to call is…
If you financially qualify, then we can help you if you: want to see your children. want your children at home with you (you should call us as soon as you are contacted by Children’s Aid). are a family member or a member of the child’s Indigenous community and you want the child to stay…
You can re-apply for legal aid for the same matter if six months have passed since your original application was denied based on financial reasons, and there has been a change in your financial circumstances (e.g., job loss). Call us at 1-800-668-8258 (toll-free) or 416-979-1446 (local Toronto) to speak to a representative about your situation.
What is an Impact of Race and Culture Assessment (IRCA)? IRCAs are reports that are used for Black and other racialized adults and youth at the sentencing stage of the criminal process. IRCAs help judges consider how racism, poverty and discrimination have contributed to a Black or racialized person’s interactions with the justice system, and…
The person with the disability is the one who needs to qualify for legal aid, so your adult child would be the one to apply. However, as a parent, you may be able to help your adult child complete the needed forms—especially if you have power of attorney for your child. When you call LAO…
If, when you apply, you have a lawyer you want to work with (and they do legal aid work), you can tell us when you apply for a certificate. If you choose a lawyer after you’ve received your certificate, you can call us to let us know who it is or you can give your…
An “assignment of money seized” is when you sign an agreement that says Legal Aid Ontario (LAO) owns any money that was taken (seized) when you were arrested. If there is suspicion that the money has been acquired illegally and/or is related to the offence, the police can seize your money whether or not you…
Consent and declaration forms are signed by you, the applicant, to create an agreement about how you will work with LAO. For example, by signing the form, you are giving LAO permission to: Look at your financial information to make sure you are eligible to receive our services Get information about your legal proceedings Share…
Please call us at 1‑800‑668‑8258 to speak with a client representative who can learn more about your situation and discuss your eligibility. Your spouse may not be counted as a member of your family unit depending on the circumstances of your divorce, and your child may not be considered dependent if they are not primarily…
The number of family members in your family unit and the combined income of all members will affect your eligibility to receive legal aid. Please note that other factors will also affect your eligibility for legal aid (like whether you are experiencing domestic abuse and whether you own any assets).
Click here to download image. Open in new window Your family unit includes: You Your spouse (married, common-law, same-sex). A spouse is someone you: Are married to, or Live with in a common-law relationship (meaning you have lived together for three or more years, or you live together and have a biological/adopted child), or Live…
No. Minor parents are considered independent from the parental family unit because they will typically have an income of their own, either from employment or Ministry of Community and Support Services, child tax, etc., and they are the parent responsible for their child.
No. Aside from your spouse, other adults in your household do not count as members of your family unit.
Your browser may be outdated or your cookies/cache may need to be cleared if your login page looks like this: Click here to download image. Seeing this login page means you may not be able to receive the authorization code (PIN) needed to create your profile or login to your account. If your login screen…
You may not be receiving your authorization code if your browser is out dated or the cache and/or cookies have not been cleared recently. This may be evident if the something does not look quite right with the log in screen. Click here to download image. We recommend you try the following: If you…
The client portal is an existing online feature for clients. Clients have the option to sign up to electronically sign the Consent and Declaration (C&D) and view LAO application documents. On May 17, 2021, the client portal will allow Ontarians with specific legal needs and who meet certain financial criteria to apply online. There are…
If you are not comfortable with technology, you can speak with one of our contact centre agents. Please call 1‑800‑668‑8258 (or 416‑979‑1446 if in Toronto) Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
About 15 minutes. Less time is required if you are an existing LAO client because you will not be required to set up a profile and enter your personal contact information. If you are an existing client and need to update your contact information, you can do this in the portal. Infographics Click here to…
You can create your own secure password but it must have the following to ensure it meets the security standards: Minimum 8 characters and maximum of 30 characters Minimum of 1 Capital letter Minimum of 1 number Minimum of 1 special character (e.g. !@#$)
If you already have a client ID (CLT number), you will have 15 days to complete your application.
The client portal is available to use on all electronic, Wi‑Fi or data enabled devices (i.e. smart phones, tablets, and computers, etc.).
As soon as the application is submitted. If further review is required, you will be notified through your portal account. You will receive email notification and/or can check status through your online portal account. Infographics Click here to download image. Open a larger version
The following internet browsers are recommended Apple MacOS – Safari 14 and above Apple iOS – Safari 12 and above Windows – Google Chrome – 89 and above Android – Google Chrome – 9 and above Windows – Edge (Chromium) – 89 and above Windows – Internet explorer – 11 FireFox – 78.9 and above
Phase one has specific criteria that needs to be met in order for applicants to be able to apply online. The applicant must: be in receipt of Ontario Works, or Ontario Disability Support Program, or have no income have a criminal defence, family, child protection or Immigration/Refugee matter that is in Ontario not own any…
You will need: verification of OW/ODSP, if applicable (member ID or a recent stub picture) your client ID (starts with CLT), if you have applied for legal aid before. This is not required, but helpful in expediting the process. Infographics Click here to download image. Open a larger version
For PC web browsers Google Chrome Open the browser Access the three-dot menu in the upper right corner of Chrome Select “More tools” Select “Clear browsing data” When the dialog box opens, options will be presented to delete your browsing, download history, cookies, cached imagines and files. You will have the option of deleting information…
It is very important that you continue to use your original client number. Be sure to check any documents you have previously received from legal aid, as your client number is noted on them. Your client number starts with CLT. If you still cannot find your client number, call the contact centre, Monday to Friday…
If you are having issues, please call Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at 1‑800‑668‑8258 (or call 416‑979‑1446 if in Toronto). A contact centre agent will be happy to assist you.
Yes. You are able to submit an application for certain criminal, child protection, family, and immigration/refugee matters.
All of your questions have been saved. When you contact LAO you need to provide the ‘intake ID’ number that was provided to you during the online application. This will retrieve all your entries. The contact centre agent will help you complete the application and answer any of your questions.
LAO requires a postal code to submit an application. If you do not currently have a fixed address, you may consider entering an address where we can send confidential documents, if required. (E.g. a shelter or a friend’s place.) If you need to look up the postal code, visit the Canada Post website.
LAO is looking for the same information you would have provided the last time you applied or updated your personal information. If you have moved or changed your phone number, please enter the old information that was originally provided to LAO. You can edit your information later to update the correct / current details.
Simplify your search by entering just the key word and check the results (e.g. theft, assault). If you are applying for more than one charge, you can leave the one(s) you cannot find and your lawyer can contact LAO to have them added later. If you have only one charge and it cannot be found,…
If you named a lawyer on your application, the lawyer will be notified electronically via the solicitor portal. If a lawyer was not named, you can access your certificate number through your client portal account and provide it to your lawyer to look up via the solicitor portal.
No. You must call the contact centre Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at 1‑800‑668‑8258 (or call 416‑979‑1446 if in Toronto).
A provincial inmate is a person is serving their sentence at a correctional facility run by the Government of Ontario (specifically the Ministry of the Solicitor General). Provincial inmates are different from federal inmates, who serve their sentence at a correctional facility run by the Government of Canada. If you are being detained at a…
We will provide you with a legal aid certificate if you meet: All the following factors: Your parole hearing will take place at least six months after the day you apply If you serve a life sentence or have a dangerous offender designation or long-term supervision order, you can apply up to a year before…
Are you worried that your partner or your ex will hurt you or your children? You can get a restraining order from a family court judge, which means that the person you’re getting it for won’t be able to: come within a certain distance of you and your children come within a certain distance of…
What is a judicial review? A judicial review takes another look at a decision or order made by an administrative body. This review helps make sure the administrative body has been fair, reasonable, and lawful. If the review shows that the administrative body was unfair, unreasonable, or unlawful, a higher court can cancel a lower…
If you qualify and have a legal issue we cover, we will pay for a lawyer to help you. If you need an interpreter, tell us immediately and we will get you one for free. Call 1.800.668.8258, Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
If you have to attend criminal court in the Greater Toronto Area and you are looking for legal advice and assistance, there are options. If you qualify for legal aid, you can apply for a legal aid certificate and find a lawyer who accepts certificates by using the “Find a lawyer” tool on our website….
Bail is when you are allowed to stay outside of jail while you wait for your case to go through the court system. Usually, there are rules known as bail conditions. You have to agree to follow these rules when you are out on bail. What types of bail conditions do I need to follow?…
In most criminal cases, sentencing usually takes place right after an offender has pled guilty or been found guilty after a trial. In some cases, the judge will not impose a sentence right away, but will instead adjourn the case to a later date for a sentencing hearing. Adjourning a sentencing may happen for many…
The two most common situations where people enter into peace bonds are: An accused agrees to enter into a peace bond because the Crown will agree to withdraw their charge(s) if they do so. This is the most common situation OR A peace bond hearing is held, and a judge or justice of the peace…
A sentencing hearing is where an offender is given a sentence by a judge. It may take place right after an offender has pled guilty or been found guilty—or it may be days, weeks or months afterward. Sentencing hearings can be very short (sometimes only a few minutes) or much longer, taking hours or days…
An offender who has a conviction registered against them will have a criminal record and will have to apply for a pardon to have the conviction removed. If a judge makes a finding of guilt and gives any sentence other than an absolute discharge or a conditional discharge, a conviction will be registered against the…
If you have to appear in court remotely, you will need to know about the process for remote court appearances. This information should have been included with the documents your received after you were charged. If it was not, you can visit the Ontario Court of Justice website for details: www.ontariocourts.ca/ocj/ For technical information about…
Whether you’re released by the police or on bail, you will get a piece of paper called a release document that gives you the: date time location of your first court date What is first appearance? This is not your trial date. This is when you go to court to find out about the case…
A Pre-Sentence Report (PSR) is a report prepared by a probation officer to help the judge decide what sentence to give. It is used to find out about an offender’s background. If a judge orders a PSR, a probation officer will interview the offender, the offender’s family, friends, and employer (if they are working). A…
If an offender is found guilty of certain criminal offences, the judge may make an order preventing them from having things like guns, cross‑bows or ammunition for a period of time. Usually a firearms prohibition is for a number of years, but it can be for life. Criminal offences where a firearm was used or…
A conditional sentence is an imprisonment (jail) sentence, except that the offender serves the sentence outside of jail, under strict, jail‑like conditions. Conditional sentences are sometimes called “house arrest,” because they often require an offender to spend all or part of the sentence in their house. Just like imprisonment, a conditional sentence will result in…
A conditional discharge is similar to an absolute discharge because a finding of guilt is made, but no conviction is registered. What makes it different from an absolute discharge is that there are conditions that the offender must follow. The conditions always come in a probation order. If you receive a conditional discharge: On or…
If you are making a criminal appeal, your case is NOT eligible for a certificate if you: Received a suspended sentence with probation Are appealing a non-custodial sentence (i.e. there is no jail time required) Received a conditional sentence with terms (such as house arrest) Finished serving a sentence or will complete a sentence within 30…
You can re-apply for legal aid for the same matter if six months have passed since your original application was denied based on financial reasons, and there has been a change in your financial circumstances (e.g., job loss). Call us at 1-800-668-8258 (toll-free) or 416-979-1446 (local Toronto) to speak to a representative about your situation.
A surety is a person who comes to court and promises to supervise an accused person while they are out on bail. A surety also promises an amount of money to the court if the accused doesn’t follow one or more of the bail conditions or doesn’t show up to court when required. If you…
A sentence is the penalty that is given to an offender who has pled guilty or who has been found guilty after a trial. A sentence is different from diversion or a peace bond because the judge must make a finding of guilt before a sentence can be given. Lawyers and judges will often say…
Duty counsel are lawyers provided by Legal Aid Ontario who can assist you on the day that you are in court. If you do not have a lawyer and you are in court, duty counsel may be able to help you by: Giving you advice about your legal rights, obligations and the court process; Helping…
The decision to enter into a peace bond or not depends on a lot of different things and is different in each case. Factors like the strength of the Crown’s case, personal circumstances, and risks of losing the case at trial are all things that might be considered. The decision is always the accused’s alone,…
If one or more of the conditions of a peace bond are broken, either by not obeying one of the conditions or by getting charged with a criminal offence, the person can be charged with a separate criminal offence of “breach of recognizance” or “disobeying a court order.” They may also lose some or all…
Some sentencing hearings involve a Victim Impact Statement (VIS). A VIS is usually written by the victim. This is done to allow the victim an opportunity to describe how they have been affected by the criminal offence. It can be read aloud by the victim or Crown or simply filed with the court as an exhibit….
A peace bond is a court order to keep the peace and be on good behaviour for a period of time. This essentially means that the person must not be charged with a criminal offence. Peace bonds often have other conditions too, such as not having any weapons or staying away from a person or…
Sometimes a person can be required to attend court for a peace bond hearing. This usually happens where a person has not been charged with an offence but a complaint has been made and the court requires them to respond to the complaint. The person making the complaint is called the “complainant” and the person…
A joint submission is when both the Crown and the offender’s lawyer (or duty counsel) agree on the sentence they are asking the judge to give. In most cases, a joint submission will have been agreed to by lawyers in a resolution meeting. However, even when the lawyers have a joint submission, the judge does…
A finding of guilt is a ruling made by a judge. A judge will make a finding of guilt in one of two situations: an accused has pled guilty and accepts facts that amount to a criminal offence; OR the Crown has proven at a trial that an accused committed a criminal offence. Except in…
For an accused to enter into a peace bond, the following steps will typically occur in criminal court: The court clerk will read out the peace bond information (sometimes called an “810” after section 810 of the Criminal Code). This will probably sound very strange because old legal language is used. At the end of…
A restitution order is an order to pay money to the victim of a criminal offence. It is different from a fine or a charitable donation. A restitution order is often made when the judge wants the offender to pay to repair or replace something that was damaged, or to compensate for lost income. Restitution…
Probation is a type of sentence and an alternative to jail. It is court order to do (or not do) certain things for a period of time. It is usually called a probation order. An offender who gets a conditional discharge or a suspended sentence will always have a probation order that they must follow….
No. A person does not plead guilty when they enter into a peace bond. There is no finding of guilt made or conviction registered if a person agrees to a peace bond. One of the reasons why a person may agree to enter a peace bond is to avoid a criminal record. While a peace…
Imprisonment is a jail sentence. After a judge gives a jail sentence, the offender is taken to jail and a conviction is registered against them. An offender has to apply for a pardon in order to have a jail sentence removed from their record. If an offender is sent to jail for less than two…
What is an Impact of Race and Culture Assessment (IRCA)? IRCAs are reports that are used for Black and other racialized adults and youth at the sentencing stage of the criminal process. IRCAs help judges consider how racism, poverty and discrimination have contributed to a Black or racialized person’s interactions with the justice system, and…
A fine is an amount of money that an offender must pay to the court. It is different from restitution or a charitable donation. If an offender is given a fine, they will have a conviction registered against them and will have to apply for a pardon to have the fine removed from their record….
If an offender is found guilty of certain criminal offences, the judge may prevent them from driving for a period of time. This is called a driving prohibition. If the offence is a “drinking and driving” offence the judge must impose a driving prohibition. Depending on the type of criminal offence and the offender’s record,…
Generally, a person entering into a peace bond doesn’t have to deposit money with the court. However, they do need to pledge an amount of money to the court—usually $500 or $1000, but the amount can be higher or lower. A peace bond is a recognizance, similar to a recognizance of bail. By pledging money,…
A DNA order, made by a judge, allows the police to take a sample of bodily substances (such as saliva or blood) from an offender. The substance is taken for the purpose of creating a DNA profile, which is stored in a databank. The databank is maintained by the RCMP and can be used to…
Like a conditional discharge, a suspended sentence involves following conditions in a probation order for a period of one to three years. The main difference between a conditional discharge and a suspended sentence is that an offender who gets a suspended sentence has a conviction registered against them. This means that the offender who gets a…
An intermittent sentence is a jail sentence that the offender serves in ”chunks” of time, instead of all at once. For example, if an offender gets an intermittent sentence, they may go jail on the weekends, (i.e., Friday night until Monday morning) but be out of jail during the week. This continues until the sentence is…
An absolute discharge is the lowest‑level adult sentence that an offender can get. If an offender gets an absolute discharge, then a finding of guilt is made but no conviction is registered, and they are not given any conditions to follow (i.e. a probation order). The offender is finished with their case. The person does…
You may be able to apply for judicial review if you can show that a decision related to your case was unfair, unreasonable, or made mistakenly.
Diversion is when you are offered a chance to do something like community service or counselling to have your charge withdrawn (which means it will be dropped permanently) or stayed (put on hold for up to a year). Sometimes, the Crown can see that a case does not need to be dealt with through guilty…
It is up to you to provide proof of any charitable donation that you make. As with community service, a charitable donation must be made to a non‑profit community or charitable organization, not at a business or other type of for‑profit organization. Giving money to a private citizen as an act of charity generally won’t…
A bail hearing is when a judge decides whether you should either be kept in jail or allowed to go back to the community while your case is in criminal court. After a bail hearing, you may get bail, which is a court order that lets you stay in the community while your case is…
There are several types of sentences that a judge can give an offender. The most common sentences are: Absolute discharge Conditional discharge Suspended sentence Probation Fine Imprisonment (jail) Intermittent sentence (“weekends”) Conditional sentence (”house arrest”)
Risk to liberty means it is likely that a person accused of a crime will face jail time if found guilty. If you qualify for legal aid and there is a risk to your liberty, you may be eligible for a certificate to cover the cost of a lawyer to represent you. Risk to liberty…
A federal inmate is a person who is serving their sentence at a correctional facility run by the Government of Canada (specifically the Correctional Service of Canada). Federal inmates are different from provincial inmates, who serve their sentence at a correctional facility run by the Government of Ontario. If you are being detained at a…
A disclosure package is a package of documents related to your criminal case collected by the Crown and police. The Crown and police will use this information to try to convict you. Your disclosure package may include: The Crown Screening Form (also called a Charge Screening form). This tells you how the Crown plans to…
After you get your disclosure package, you can review it with a lawyer or duty counsel to find out your options and get legal advice. If your court date is within five business days, please contact duty counsel in the court location where your matter is being heard for next steps. If your court date…
Yes, you can request your disclosure package in either a paper copy or an electronic copy sent by email. Please contact the Federal or Provincial Crown Attorney’s Office to request your disclosure package in your preferred format.
If you do not agree with the judge’s decision in your criminal case, you can ask the Provincial/Territorial Courts of Appeal or the Federal Court of Appeal to review your case. If the appeal court allows the appeal, it can reverse or change the judge’s decision, or order a new trial or hearing. If you…
You may be eligible for a legal aid certificate for the charges laid against you under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) if you qualify financially and there is a risk to your liberty. Risk to liberty is determined based on the seriousness of the charges, the case circumstances, and if there is a criminal…
If you have a new criminal charge while you already have a legal aid certificate, you can either have those charges added to your existing certificate or have the new charge covered under a separate certificate. Your lawyer can request a new certificate for you, if you still qualify. A separate certificate is required for…
If you cannot afford a lawyer, call us to find out if you’re eligible for legal help. If you qualify for legal aid, we may either cover the cost of a lawyer to represent you or you can visit one of our lawyers at court (they’re called duty counsel) who can give you some advice…
You do not have to plead guilty. Remember: it is up to the Crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you have committed an offence. This means that either a judge or a jury is absolutely certain that you broke the law and also knew you were breaking the law. If the judge or…
If your criminal matter is taking place in the Ontario Court of Justice (OCJ), please contact the Provincial Crown Attorney’s office for your disclosure package. If you are self-represented, you can also get your disclosure by going to the Digital Disclosure Hub to register. To get a copy of your disclosure, you will have to…
If you or your lawyer do not receive documents from LAO within the timeframe below, you must let us know right away. Otherwise, we will consider the documents to have been delivered. A document sent from LAO by: Registered or regular mail is considered delivered seven days after it is mailed. Email or fax is…
For clients, the preferred way to submit documents to LAO is via the client portal. Not registered? Call us at 1‑800‑668‑8258 Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (EST) for help in over 300 languages. Lawyers should use the lawyer portal to submit documents to LAO. Read the new Delivery of Documents rule to learn about the…
If you need urgent legal advice about a family issue or an immigration/refugee issue, call us right away or ask someone at a shelter or legal clinic about our two hours of free legal advice. You may also qualify to have a lawyer represent you in court.
Are you worried that your partner or your ex will hurt you or your children? You can get a restraining order from a family court judge, which means that the person you’re getting it for won’t be able to: come within a certain distance of you and your children come within a certain distance of…
Please call us at 1‑800‑668‑8258 to speak with a client representative who can learn more about your situation and discuss your eligibility. Your spouse may not be counted as a member of your family unit depending on the circumstances of your divorce, and your child may not be considered dependent if they are not primarily…
The number of family members in your family unit and the combined income of all members will affect your eligibility to receive legal aid. Please note that other factors will also affect your eligibility for legal aid (like whether you are experiencing domestic abuse and whether you own any assets).
Click here to download image. Open in new window Your family unit includes: You Your spouse (married, common-law, same-sex). A spouse is someone you: Are married to, or Live with in a common-law relationship (meaning you have lived together for three or more years, or you live together and have a biological/adopted child), or Live…
Separation is when you and your ex—you can either be married or common‑law—decide to live apart. If you’re married, being separated doesn’t mean your marriage has ended. A divorce is when a court officially ends your marriage. How do you “legally” separate in Ontario? Here are some tips to guide you through the process. What…
No. Minor parents are considered independent from the parental family unit because they will typically have an income of their own, either from employment or Ministry of Community and Support Services, child tax, etc., and they are the parent responsible for their child.
No. Aside from your spouse, other adults in your household do not count as members of your family unit.
We might be able to help if you financially qualify and if: you are subjected to domestic abuse you want to separate from your husband, wife or partner you need to decide custody, support or access Children’s Aid has your children or contacted you
If you financially qualify, then we can help you if you: want to see your children. want your children at home with you (you should call us as soon as you are contacted by Children’s Aid). are a family member or a member of the child’s Indigenous community and you want the child to stay…
If a child protection agency wants to put your child up for adoption and an access order is in place, you can take steps to try and stay in contact. An access order is a document that sets out when, where and how a parent or a caregiver can have contact with their child in…
For any family court case, there are Family Law Rules that have to be followed. In those rules, you can find out the exact steps of a case and what forms you will need to complete. Tip: the family court forms match the family law rule number. For example, rule 8 is about starting a…
Serving court documents or “service” is when you give a copy of all the documents in your case to the other person in your case, who is known as the other party. You have to serve your documents to the other party because that person has a right to: know about a case that has…
A simple divorce is also known as an uncontested divorce, which is when you and your ex agree to divorce. This is different from a contested divorce, which is when you and your ex do not agree to all the issues raised by the divorce. This could include disagreements about child custody or support or…
Parenting time (formerly access) is the right to visit—or be visited by—your children. It also means the right to get information on your child’s health, education and well being. People often get confused by decision-making responsibility (formerly custody) and parenting time. Decision-making responsibility is when you have the right to make decisions about how to…
Decision-making responsibility (formerly custody) is about making major decisions about how to care for and raise your children. These decisions could include: Health care Religion or spirituality Education Decision-making responsibility is not about where the child lives. For example you could have sole decision-making responsibility and are the only decision maker, but your child lives…
Child support is the amount of money that one parent pays to the other parent to help pay for the costs of caring for the child. Usually, the “payor parent” either spends less time with the children or, if they spend an equal amount of time with the children, makes more money. A parent can…
Mediation is a process where a trained professional helps you and your ex to settle a variety of issues. Mediation might be right for you if you have no concerns for your safety and you and your ex are both open to working together. Mediation is a good alternative to going to family court. Here…
What is service? What is serving documents? This is the process of giving a copy of the documents in your family case to the other party. What is personal service? It’s when the person who gives a copy of the documents does it in‑person and by hand-delivering a copy to the other party or their…
If you need legal help on the day you are in criminal or family court, you can talk to our lawyers (they are called duty counsel) at the courthouse. If you have been arrested or are detained by police, tell the police officer you want to speak to a lawyer. The police officer will call…
In rare cases, you can change your lawyer. However, it is difficult to do so, especially if work on your case has started. Once a lawyer has accepted the legal aid certificate issued to you, you must obtain permission from LAO to change lawyers. Before granting this permission, LAO staff consider the reason for your request…
If you qualify for legal aid, we will pay for a lawyer. This lawyer has to accepts legal aid work (not all lawyers do legal aid work). You can search our Find a Lawyer tool to find a lawyer near you. Call us to see if you qualify.
If you qualify and have a legal issue we cover, we will pay for a lawyer to help you. If you need an interpreter, tell us immediately and we will get you one for free. Call 1.800.668.8258, Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
If you qualify for legal aid, we will pay for a lawyer. This lawyer has to accepts legal aid work (not all lawyers do legal aid work). You can search our Find a Lawyer tool to help you find a lawyer. Call us to see if you qualify. Infographics Click here to download image. PDF:…
If you financially qualify for legal aid, we will pay for a lawyer. This lawyer has to be somebody who accepts legal aid work (not all lawyers do legal aid work). You can search our Find a Lawyer tool to help you find a lawyer. Call us to see if you qualify.
The timeline for your claim depends on where you started your claim. If you are making a claim when you arrive at a Canadian land border, airport or a seaport, you will not have much time to complete your Basis of Claim (BOC) form and immigration forms. The timeline for starting a claim is very different…
Can I appeal? If your refugee claim is rejected, you might be able to appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division (RAD). However, you are not allowed to appeal if: If you are a designated foreign national (DFN) If your claim was withdrawn or abandoned If you arrived in Canada directly from the United States and made your…
Keep your important deadlines in mind. You need to collect your documents and submit these 10 days before your hearing. You can also make changes to your Basis of Claim (BOC) form and other immigration forms you completed for your claim before this date. In addition, you have to update the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), Immigration,…
The Basis of Claim (BOC) form is an important part of your refugee claim. It explains who you are, what you are afraid of in your country and why you need refugee protection in Canada. Get legal help as soon as possible. If you are making a claim when you arrive in Canada, it is…
Get a lawyer as soon as possible. If you do not take action, you could be deported very quickly. If you are not eligible for an appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division (RAD), you can apply for a judicial review at the Federal Court. Only a lawyer can represent you at Federal Court. Who should apply…
Legal Aid Ontario offers assistance with refugee and immigration matters. Find out more The following categories outline what you will need to make a refugee claim, important deadlines you will need to keep in mind, and helpful resources to get you started: Timelines The timeline for your claim depends on where you started your claim…
Take the copies of applications for judicial review to the Registrar’s Office of the Federal Court of Canada. It is located at 90 Sparks Street (Sparks & Metcalfe), 5th Floor. You will have to pay a $50 filing fee; Once the Registrar gives your applications back with a court number, you have to take them to the…
Take the copies of applications for judicial review to the Registrar’s Office of the Federal Court of Canada. It is located at 180 Queen Street West, Suite 200, (corner University Ave), 2nd Floor. You will have to pay a $50 filing fee; Once the Registrar gives your applications back with a court number, you have to take them to…
Legal aid and lawyers: Legal Aid Ontario (LAO): Services are provided to eligible refugee claimants by private bar and LAO staff lawyers, and are also available at some legal clinics. Services include Basis of Claim form preparation, representation at refugee hearings, at the refugee appeal division, and at judicial reviews (Federal Court). Refugee Law Office…
An admissibility hearing can be held to decide if you are allowed to come into or stay in Canada, if you are a permanent resident or foreign national. Admissibility hearings can be started for these reasons: criminal convictions or proof you committed crimes outside Canada membership in a criminal organization human or international rights violations…
Documents are an important part of your claim. They will help prove who you are, how you came to Canada, why you are making a refugee claim and why your refugee claim should be accepted. While it can be very helpful to have documents to confirm every part of your refugee claim, it is possible…
This section will give you an overview of what you need to know before you start your refugee claim. 1. Get legal help It is very important for you to get legal help right away with your refugee claim. You have a few choices: Lawyers You can find a private lawyer. You can contact us…
Gladue reports and plans contain information on the unique circumstances of Aboriginal people accused of an offence or Aboriginal offenders. The court can consider these reports during sentencing. Sentencing in the Gladue court focuses on restorative justice and community justice programs, while also making sure that offenders receive fair sentences. Legal workers from Aboriginal Legal Services of Toronto (ALST) and several…
Gladue-related services are offered at courts in Toronto, Hamilton, Brantford, the Waterloo-Wellington area, London, and Sarnia. In Toronto, London, and Sarnia there are dedicated Gladue courts. There are also Aboriginal Courtwork programs in many courts across Canada.
The Criminal Code and the Youth Criminal Justice Act both consider the unique, or special, legal status of Aboriginal people in Canada. The Criminal Code considers the over‑representation of Aboriginal people in the Canadian criminal justice system.
A Gladue court handles the cases of Aboriginal people who have been charged with a criminal offence. The Gladue court proposes sentences that are more in line with Aboriginal traditions than jail, such as community justice programs.
Gladue refers to a right that Aboriginal people have under the Criminal Code. Gladue applies to all Aboriginal people who self-identify as First Nations, Métis, or Inuit.
In 1999, the Supreme Court ruled in R v. Gladue that courts must consider an Aboriginal offender’s background when he or she is being sentenced for a crime. Factors that are considered include discrimination, physical abuse, separation from culture or family, or drug and alcohol abuse. Every criminal court in Canada is required to consider Gladue factors…
The Child, Youth and Family Services Act considers the unique legal status of Aboriginal people in Canada. In family law issues, parts of the Act take into account the family’s Aboriginal culture and heritage in deciding the “best interests” of a child. This means that in decisions about Aboriginal children, the courts must consider “the uniqueness of…
The courts have decided in previous court cases, such as Gladue, that when sentencing an Aboriginal offender judges should: consider all available sentences other than jail time that are reasonable, and pay particular attention to the life circumstances of Aboriginal offenders. This means that if you self-identify as Aboriginal and you are convicted of a…
Legal Aid Ontario (LAO) provides eligible Aboriginal people with family and criminal law services. To provide the best service possible, lawyers who represent Aboriginal legal aid clients in criminal matters must take special training to make sure they understand the unique legal status of Aboriginal people. To find out more about eligibility for legal aid services, visit the LAO website.
In some areas of family law, Aboriginal people have different rights under the Child, Youth and Family Services Act. In many other areas they have the same rights as other Canadians. Court decisions about caring for children, parenting orders, guardianship, child and spousal support, and property laws may all take a person’s Aboriginal heritage into account. Letting…
Criminal Code, Youth Criminal Justice Act and Child, Youth and Family Services Act all have parts that consider the special legal status of Aboriginal people in Canada. If you self-identify as Aboriginal, your lawyer can make sure that Gladue factors and principles are applied to your legal case. Gladue refers to a right that all Aboriginal people have under the Criminal Code. Telling your lawyer you are…
If you are an Aboriginal person entering the justice system, you should identify yourself as a First Nations, Métis, or Inuit person so duty counsel or your lawyer can follow the areas of law that deal with Aboriginal rights. In other words, you should tell duty counsel or your lawyer that you are an Aboriginal person. You should…
There are many community-based legal services and resources available for Aboriginal people in Ontario. Aboriginal Legal Services Operates legal-related programs for Aboriginal people in Toronto. Human Rights Legal Support Offers legal assistance to people in communities across Ontario who believe they have experienced discrimination. Ministry of Indigenous Affairs Access to Ontario government…
Certificate cancellation Certificate termination What happens? Your legal aid services will end Your legal aid services will end What does it mean? Your certificate has been revoked Your certificate is about to expire When does it happen? Can happen at any point after your certificate was issued Happens three years after your certificate was issued…
Yes, you may request a review of the cancelled certificate if you are able to prove to Legal Aid Ontario that the certificate was cancelled mistakenly, or if you can give new information to prove that you meet Legal Aid’s eligibility requirements. Please note that non-residents cannot request reviews. A non-resident is: A person who…
A certificate can be extended when a lawyer provides a reason for why the legal matter cannot be resolved before the certificate’s end date.
You can send your request for review and any documents to the address or fax number listed on your notice of cancellation/termination or send it through the Client Portal. Requests for review usually must be in writing, but LAO staff may take verbal reasons for your request for review if you give us a call….
You can request a review of the decision to terminate your legal aid certificate to have Legal Aid Ontario reconsider the final decision to end your certificate. Please note that non-residents cannot request reviews. A non-resident is: A person who resides in another Canadian province A person without status and who has been in Ontario…
You must continue to be financially eligible for legal aid, and may be required to complete a financial reassessment if there is a change to your financial circumstances. If the extension request is approved, a notice with the new termination date will be sent to you and your lawyer. If the extension request is refused,…
Your lawyer may request an extension. Your lawyer must request the extension no later than 60 days before the termination date of the certificate. If your lawyer does not require an extension, the termination process will start.
Certificate termination is when your certificate ends. A legal aid certificate has an end date of three years from the date it was issued and will terminate unless the date is extended.
You will have 14 days from the date of the notice of Intention to Cancel to explain why the certificate should not be cancelled. After 14 days, the certificate may be cancelled.
Yes, Legal Aid Ontario may cancel your certificate based on the details of your case, your financial eligibility, or both. If you are no longer eligible for legal aid, a notice of Intention to Cancel will be sent to you and your lawyer. The notice will provide an explanation of the reasons why you are…
A treatment order, which is made by a judge, requires an unfit accused to be made fit to stand trial through psychiatric treatment. It is a unique circumstance where the accused does not have a choice in receiving treatment. Treatment orders almost always include a requirement for the accused to take some kind of medication….
Hospitals and psychiatric facilities are often full or nearly full of patients, so it is usually difficult to get a facility to agree to examine the accused. Also, fitness assessments and not criminally responsible assessments are often given priority at facilities over Mental Health Act (MHA) examinations. Unlike other types of assessments (such as fitness assessments),…
An NCR assessment can be ordered by a judge to determine whether a person who was suffering from a mental disorder at the time they committed an offence was criminally responsible for his or her actions. Much like a fitness assessment, in most cases the person being assessed is sent to a secure psychiatric facility…
Once a person is taken to a hospital for a psychiatric examination, the doctor who examines them must decide within three days (72 hours) whether to release them, or keep them in the hospital for a longer period of time. Until the doctor makes a decision, they are not free to leave the hospital. If the examining…
If an accused is found “fit” after a fitness hearing, the accused will continue through the system as any other person would. This means that they may seek to have a bail hearing, set a trial date, plead guilty or simply adjourn their case to another day. Even if an accused has been found “fit”…
“Unfit to stand trial” is defined in the Criminal Code. It means that the accused person is unable, because of a mental disorder, to defend against the charge(s) they are facing or to tell their lawyer what they want to do with their case. Specifically, “unfit to stand trial” means: The accused is not able to…
Treatment orders can only be for a maximum of 60 days. In some cases the accused is returned to court after being made “fit” by the treatment before the 60 day period is up.
In order to decide whether or not there are reasonable grounds to believe the accused is “unfit to stand trial” and order an assessment, the judge or the accused’s lawyer may ask the accused things like: Do you know what you’re charged with? Do you know what the job of the judge is? (Pointing to…
Ontario’s Mental Health Act, like the Criminal Code, gives courts certain powers to have an accused person sent to a hospital for a psychiatric examination. It also gives police officers and doctors certain powers to have someone sent for a psychiatric assessment. At the same time, the Mental Health Act protects the rights of persons…
If an NCR assessment is requested by either the Crown or the accused’s lawyer, it will usually be after the accused has pled guilty or has been found guilty after a trial, and there is some evidence to suggest that they were suffering from a mental disorder at the time they committed a criminal offence….
Judges can make a fitness assessment order at any point from the time an accused first appears in court, right up to (or during) sentencing. Most fitness assessments are usually ordered shortly after an accused has made an appearance in bail court. In fact, if a fitness assessment is ordered, a bail hearing can’t occur…
Mental health diversion is a type of diversion. Mental health diversion involves a way of resolving or dealing with criminal charges in a manner that doesn’t involve a guilty plea or a trial. Usually an accused person will have to take responsibility for their actions. Just as mental health courts operate in many different ways,…
A fitness hearing is like a short trial where a judge decides whether or not an accused is “unfit to stand trial”. This occurs after the accused has been assessed by a psychiatrist, and has returned to court. Unlike an actual criminal trial, it is only necessary to prove the accused is unfit to stand…
This type of assessment is probably the most common situation when a judge wants to determine whether or not an accused is “unfit to stand trial”. This type of assessment is usually called a “fitness to stand trial” assessment, or simply a “fitness assessment”, or a “Form 48”. If an accused is sent for this type…
For a judge to make an order under section 21 or 22 of the Mental Health Act, two things must happen: the judge must have reason to believe that the accused has a mental disorder; and the psychiatric facility where the examination will take place must agree to do the examination.
If an accused is found unfit to stand trial after a fitness hearing, the regular criminal law process remains on hold. An accused person who is unfit to stand trial is often in a difficult position, as they are unable to move forward and deal with the charge(s) by setting a trial date or pleading…
The senior physician (doctor) at the facility where the examination occurred must report, in writing, on the mental condition of the accused. The judge, the accused (or his/her lawyer) and the Crown all get a copy of the report. The report is often used to assist with sentencing the accused, but may be used for…
NCR stands for “Not Criminally Responsible.” It is defined in section 16 of the Criminal Code. Section 16 of the Criminal Code states that a person is not criminally responsible for something that he or she did (or didn’t do, if they were legally required to do something) if they were suffering from a mental disorder at…
An examination under s. 22 cannot be longer than two months. The judge can make the examination for a shorter period if he or she wishes. This is usually only an issue if an in‑custody examination order is made under section 22 of the MHA.
The length of a fitness assessment mostly depends on whether or not the accused agrees with the order. If the accused agrees with the order (either personally or though his/her lawyer), then the order can be for up to 30 days, not including holidays and the time needed to transport them to and from the place…
An officer can take a person into custody and take them to a hospital for a psychiatric examination if the officer believes that: The person has a mental disorder; and They are acting in a disorderly manner involving violence or a threat of violence to themselves or another person; and The person’s mental disorder is…
No. There are too many serious long-term consequences that can come from an NCR assessment for duty counsel to assist with this type of matter. If either an unrepresented accused or the Crown is seeking an NCR assessment, duty counsel will not assist. An accused should have his or her own lawyer if this situation…
No, not unless they agree to it. However, they may be offered the option of taking medication and/or treatment during the time of their assessment. People often mistakenly believe that an accused with mental health issues can be ordered by a judge to be treated against their will. However, only accused persons who have been…
Yes. Under section 22 of the Mental Health Act (MHA) a judge can order an accused who is in custody to be admitted to a psychiatric facility for an examination. If the accused has not been released on bail, the accused will remain in custody during the examination. A judge can also use section 21 of the MHA…
Many different criminal court proceedings can happen in mental health court. Some mental health courts deal only with assessment orders or mental health diversion. Other mental health courts do almost everything, including bail hearings, guilty pleas, judicial pre‑trials, and some trials for accused persons with mental health issues. Mental health courts are designed to deal…
No. However, the person can voluntarily agree to take medication or treatment. These types of examinations are meant for observation, but the hospital may offer the person the option of taking medication and/or other treatment during their stay.
Depending on the situation, the police may charge a person who has mental health issues with a criminal offence and hold them for bail. A person who has been charged with a criminal offence is called an accused. An accused with mental health issues does have a right to a bail hearing, but sometimes they…
Yes, they can. Sometimes an accused person with mental health issues can be released on bail with conditions to address mental health concerns, or with a Form 1 or Form 2 order already in place. For example, there may be conditions such as: A condition requiring a psychiatric assessment to take place at a hospital or other…
There are several types of assessments that a judge can order for a person who is in custody (jail). The three most common types of these assessments are: fitness to stand trial assessments Mental Health Act assessments not criminally responsible (NCR) assessments Note: These assessments can also be ordered for accused persons who are not…
You may be able to get help from one of our speciality legal clinics. Visit; Industrial Accident Victims’ Group of Ontario Workers’ Health and Safety Legal Clinic Injured Workers Community Legal Clinic Some other legal clinics may also be able to help.
You may be able to get help with your will and power of attorney from: a community legal clinic Pro Bono Ontario Pro Bono Students Canada You can find information about wills and power of attorneys through the Ministry of the Attorney General and the website, StepstoJustice.ca.
If you qualify and have a legal issue we cover, we will pay for a lawyer to help you. If you need an interpreter, tell us immediately and we will get you one for free. Call 1.800.668.8258, Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Some legal clinics help in other areas of law like human rights. To find a legal clinic near you and learn about the services they offer, enter your address or postal code in our search tool.
Legal clinics and student legal services organizations may be able to help if you qualify.
If you have a low income, you may qualify for free legal help from a community legal clinic funded by Legal Aid Ontario. Use our search tool to find a legal clinic nearest to you. To learn more about housing law matters, visit StepstoJustice.ca.
